English Essay

People who ultimate while doing their homework are restricting their critical thinking cap abilities. Students who multicast while doing homework are more likely to see grade drops, and they tend to participate less in class discussions. Because multitasking is inefficient, student TTS should separate homework with other activities unrelated to their assignments. Multitasking d isn't work and when you're done with homework then it may be time for other activities you want to concur. Multitasking affects learning as performance degrades and time is lost with eve ere task that is multitasking.All activities performances' are affected if multitasking. Multitasking and driving is very popular amongst adults and teens. Drivers SE me pretty comfortable chatting on their cell phones while navigating the streets. But bra in researchers say it's a terrible idea, even with a handshake device. When using a handshake dive CE, scientists have found that talking on the phone distracts us to the po int where we devote less s brain power to focusing on the road. If you're driving while challenging, then your performance CE is going to be as poor as if you were legally drunk. Driving requires a surprising amount of b rain power.Out on the road, we have to process huge amounts of visual information, predict the actions of other drivers and coordinate precise movements Of our hands and feet. It can be do en, but proceed at your own risk. Multitasking and homework may seem like a bad combination, but it helps you u out in ways. Multitasking while doing your homework gives you something to do who en you get stuck, then you may come back to your problem with a fresh perspective. Multitasking Eng also can help you find help, if you're stuck on something you can surf the web and find a so race that may get you to your answer. English Essay They faced extreme weather conditions and pirates attack on the sea, when they arrived in Australia they get paid poorly and work long hours. The poem â€Å"Crossing the red sea† by Peter Crooknecks talked about polish migrants had to leave their home and their past experiences of war and destruction after World War II. They are forced on a journey to Australia by boat. They have to sail through the Red Sea and cross the Equator. It is very difficult for them to speak about their experiences and memories and to hare their sadness and stories.An example that supports the idea is â€Å"Peaks of mountains and green rivers that shared their secrets with storms and exiles†. This example showed that during their journey, mountains and rivers are the only things who would share their secrets. This example also showed journeys are challenging by using personification, it described mountains and rivers as human being who would share secrets with people. Every text has its own wa y of communicating its ideas to readers. The â€Å"Crossing the red sea† used a poem format to communicating its ideas while ‘The happiest refugee† sing a novel to express its ideas.The memoir â€Å"The happiest refugee† by Ann. do encountered by Vietnamese refugees and their journey to Australia. The Vietnamese refugees traveled on a crowded fishing boat with mostly children and women. Their boat got attacked by pirates twice and left them with nothing but trapped in the middle of the Pacific Ocean with a boat of Vietnamese refugees. When they finally made it to Australia, Ann.'s parents worked so hard to feed the family. Because Ann. couldn't speak much English he's often been teased at school. â€Å"As if they'd choose someone to be school obtain who has nits† is an example of people teasing Ann. at school.Because he's from a poor Vietnamese family, people make fun of him at school. This is the difficulty Ann. has to face in his life even though h e made it to Australia. Just like Ann.'s family many people in the world are facing different challenges every day and some of them are life threatening challenges. The features article â€Å"I've lost all hope that I can have a life here† highlights the challenges faced by Sir Lankan family after the civil war ended. In Sir Lankan thousands of families had been destroyed in the civil war.Women are being harassed and abused and men are facing finical problems. The biggest challenge for them is to cope with every days life and the quote â€Å"My dream is to give my children a good environment and education† emphasis the difficulties they're having in Sir Lankan. These texts have communicated journeys are challenging and difficult. The best text that demonstrates journeys are challenging is â€Å"The happiest refugee†. In this text composer used different types of examples to demonstrate their difficulties which successfully communicate the ideas to readers. English Essay ‘Birdsong with the themes of dreams and reality. Keats' however expresses his poems in the idea Of reaching the perfect moment and making it last forever. Skate's follows the idea of being transient through his poems and living forever, the theme of reality comes in to show you that there are the real things of life which need to be faced to take part in following your dreams.The novel ‘Atonement', written by Ian Mclean in 2001, emphasis on the young adolescent women, Bryony and the present self who bases herself as the a narrator of the book. She dreams of seeking â€Å"atonement† for the pain and suffering she has produced between Robbie and Cecilia. But through her efforts of achieving this reparation, reality comes in and crushes her chances of obtaining this dream of seeking forgiveness. Dreams and Reality possess a strong force in the three texts, often showing the reality in the harshness of the world we live in. English essay Students cannot get enough, it is like they would take a bullet for it. Smartest ones are crucial for everyday use & benefits students in a variety of different ways. It is useful for classroom learning because it is portable. Portability allows the device to fit al most every†here due to the size of the smartened. Also, using a smartened can save a massive amount of money in numerous ways. Lastly, it supports what a student does n school throughout their day. To tie it all together, smartness are going to benefit c assessor learning because it is portable, saves money, and supports students.Firstly, smartness benefit classroom learning because it is portable. Smarts hones require less energy to carry around because it is extremely lightweight. For in stance, portability enables students not to carry calculators, laptops, and textbooks AR mound since many of the essential necessities are already on a students smartened. For instance: a smartened provides most of the info on a l aptop. Carrying all the Laptops, tee taboo, & calculators wastes substantial amounts of money and space in your backpack .This generates into back injuries that could result In serious and/ or permanent damages. â€Å"Probabilities allows small devices to fit in a students hand, pocket, or purse† Elliot Swallows (1). Turf inning on with a press of a button; snapping a picture in less then a second; are many of the fee w phenomenal features of a smartened that relates to portability. Secondly, smartness benefit classroom education because it saves money. Students do not have to purchase the material that is already on the phone, s such as: cameras, books, calculators, & clocks.The necessities are already on a smarts hone. Phones also last a very extended time if taken care of properly. Textbooks tend to rip up because it is immensely old and usually the pages are missing caused by students reusing I t multiple times. Instead of buying textbooks, students can just use online te xtbooks who ICC is more convenient and saves an abundance amount of the school's money. Addition Ill, there are inline interactive educational APS that make learning enjoyable and free for students.As Elliot Swallows states, â€Å"Smart phones make possible everywhere learning, allot time learning† (1). On the whole, using a smartened can have a dominant impact on saving money for bounteous reasons. Although, smartness benefit students in a variety of different ways, on the other hand of course, it can also be an insufficient component in the classroom. The ma]or reason why many students oppose that smartness benefit learning in the classroom m is because it s terribly distracting.Many students are testing instead of paying attention to the teacher; using social media involving inappropriate websites; and especially superbly inning their fellow mates. Cheating is also a major issue also that needs to be addressed. When s dents are taking tests, there will always be a student on a smartened looking up the an sewers instead of trying. As a result, if students continue to care only about their social self & chi eat they may lack reading skills, manners, and many more negative attitudes/ habits.Elliot Swallows states You can not teach 21 SST century skills and content with 1 8th century paper an d pencil tools† (2). Back in the day students actually took the effort writing down stuff with a paper and pencil but in 2014 society, students are getting lazy due to smartness. To summary r;zee, smartness can be an inadequate factor in school by causing distractions, c heaters, and bad habits. Lastly, smartness furthermore benefit classroom education because it sup ports students. English Essay People who ultimate while doing their homework are restricting their critical thinking cap abilities. Students who multicast while doing homework are more likely to see grade drops, and they tend to participate less in class discussions. Because multitasking is inefficient, student TTS should separate homework with other activities unrelated to their assignments. Multitasking d isn't work and when you're done with homework then it may be time for other activities you want to concur. Multitasking affects learning as performance degrades and time is lost with eve ere task that is multitasking.All activities performances' are affected if multitasking. Multitasking and driving is very popular amongst adults and teens. Drivers SE me pretty comfortable chatting on their cell phones while navigating the streets. But bra in researchers say it's a terrible idea, even with a handshake device. When using a handshake dive CE, scientists have found that talking on the phone distracts us to the po int where we devote less s brain power to focusing on the road. If you're driving while challenging, then your performance CE is going to be as poor as if you were legally drunk. Driving requires a surprising amount of b rain power.Out on the road, we have to process huge amounts of visual information, predict the actions of other drivers and coordinate precise movements Of our hands and feet. It can be do en, but proceed at your own risk. Multitasking and homework may seem like a bad combination, but it helps you u out in ways. Multitasking while doing your homework gives you something to do who en you get stuck, then you may come back to your problem with a fresh perspective. Multitasking Eng also can help you find help, if you're stuck on something you can surf the web and find a so race that may get you to your answer.

“Good Country people” and “Where are you going, Where have you been?” Essay

There are many similarities between the short stories â€Å"Good Country People† and â€Å"Where are you going, Where have you been?†, most notably their characters. Both stories contain a female protagonist, and a male antagonist, whose confrontations start out relatively normal, and progress to more and more surreal and twisted endings. Their main characters, Hulga and Connie, are shockingly similar, and yet strangely different, one a 15 year old wishing to be older and beautiful, the other a bitter 32 year old, wishing to be younger and ugly. These stories tell the tales of impressionable young women who are tempted by the delights of strange men, only to prove to themselves in the end how naive they really are. In â€Å"Where are you going, Where have you been?†, Connie starts out as most teenage girls seemingly would – she wants to be more daring, to appear older, to experience more of the world. She sneaks away from childish pursuits, to the teenage or adult world, to drink and kiss boys rather than shop for school clothes, to see movies in a steamy car instead of in a theater. She talks of being beautiful as if it were her only good grace – beauty, to her, is the ultimate goal. She wants to be older, and more beautiful, and this is her downfall. Her foolishness, and her naivety is what appeals to Arnold Friend in the first place. Arnold Friend, a stranger, appeals to her early on in the story. He is older, more powerful, and smarter. She is frightened, of course, but intrigued, and it is her yearning for the adult world, and the adult life, that, in the end, causes her downfall. She is suckered in by the convincing conman who uses his words to appeal to her weaknesses. She is tricked into being what Arnold wants her to be by his smooth words and his faà §ade of confidence. She’s toyed with, played for the naà ¯ve fool she is, who is far too young for the world she wants to be a part of. Only at the very end of the story does she begin to realize what she has gotten herself into. She shows her true colors once she is confronted. In â€Å"Good Country People†, Joy is a relatively normal girl with some not-too-normal problems. For one thing, her leg got blown off when she was younger in a bizarre hunting accident. This physical change made her completely self conscious, and essentially ruined her life. She could no  longer be happy being herself, because she sees herself as true ugliness now. Thus, she feels forced to make herself what she thinks she is. She hates beauty now, and changes everything about her to seem ugly. She’s been to college, and yet still acts childish. She’s trying to be young, and ugly. And Manley Pointer notices this quality of her, and takes advantage of her. No matter how ugly she tries to be, he still tries to (or at least pretends to) like her for who she is. Hulga is, regardless of her ugly campaign, extremely flattered, and lets her guard down long enough for Manley to get away with her glasses, her leg, and more importantly, her dignity. She is also played f or a fool based completely on her own insecurities. She too is a victim of a conman who notices that things aren’t always what they seem. Connie and Hulga are very similar, as characters, and yet very different all the same. They both have their insecurities, and they are both easily preyed on by conmen and smooth talkers, but their insecurities are in entirely different realms. They both want what the other has, and due to this, they are constantly trying to be someone else, not themselves, and this is what makes them so easy to attack. They don’t know who they really are, and they think they want to be something else. This naivety is their downfall – they pretend to be something else, join a group they shouldn’t be in, and they are tempted by the men in these groups. But, when the tables turn, and their men aren’t what they appear to be, Connie and Hulga revert completely, from relatively confident phonies to sniveling little girls, helpless and hopeless, in their fake lives. These two women are seemingly innocent, random bystanders picked by older smarter conmen. However, one could easily hold them responsible for their own fates. Not that the victim in a crime is to blame, but, honestly, if you leave your car door open, with the keys inside, and the motor running, while you go inside a store for a few hours, how can you possibly seem shocked when it gets stolen? These two women, whether they believe it or not, are waving hundreds of flags at these conmen – â€Å"Please target me!†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"Take my leg!†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ By openly flaunting their insecurities and by allowing themselves to be charmed to the point of trusting the conmen, they are, if not wholly, then at least partially responsible for their own fates. They reached their  own conclusions, and they got what they deserved. Connie and Hulga are the same person, essentially – a woman with different problems wishes to be something that they are not, and wiser and smoother conmen see this, and take advantage of them. In the end, they are proven to be the phonies that they really are, and are left more vulnerable, and more open, than they were before they tried to infiltrate the world in which they didn’t belong. If there were a shared moral to these stories, and there is most definitely not an obvious one, they’d both be somewhere along the lines of â€Å"Be happy with what you have, because you might not belong anywhere else†, and in the cases of Connie and Hulga, this moral fits perfectly. They are the same person with different circumstances, and they are so easily preyed on by the wiser smoother conman. As these stories blatantly state, be happy with what you have. You might not fit anywhere else, and one day, someone might just call you on your bluff, to disastrous conseque nces.

Panopticism he states that the development of discipline Essay

In Michel Foucault’s (1975) excerpt, Panopticism he states that the development of discipline in the 18th and 19th centuries came from he emergence of prison as the form of punishment for every crime. During these times the major crimes committed were from the French Revolution and the major riots and civil unrest in the French society. In these prisons the Panopticon puts the inmates in a different state in which each one is there own separate individual. Foucault states that the major effect of these Panopticon are that they â€Å"induce the inmate in a state of conscious and permanent visibility that assures the automatic functioning of power.† †Such a structure allows individuals to be seen and restricts their ability to communicate with the security, the warden, or other prisoners.† In this case, crowds are nonexistent and each person is confined to their cell where they can be viewed by the watcher. He states that this new form of punishment lead to th e development of a whole new kind of individuality for bodies. The brilliance of this prison is that the Panopticon forces blindness onto the prisoner where he or she is never sure if someone’s watching or not, inducing a harmless form of paranoia, keeping people in place. When a person is accused of a crime, society finds upon itself the responsibility of punishing him or her. The question of morality, however, is finding the perfect punishment in compensation of the crime that was committed. With the Panopticon, rather than breaking them down physically by using tortures like the thumbscrew or whips, prisoners can be broken down mentally, which allows the reconstruction of their mentality. This entire theory is effective due to the natural desire that people in general have to conform to society’s pressures. After all, it is ingrained in the natural being of humans to know that in order to survive, everyone needs a place in society whether it is as the businessman or as a joker. The fear of complete abandonment from this institution allows the system to work properly. Next, the Panopticon is essential to society in its ability to give a prisoner the chance of redeeming himself or herself to become a crucial part of society again. Instead of seeing revenge on the prisoners, this system allows them to be reformed through a force of habit. As prisoners get used to the idea that they’re being watched at all times with or without their knowledge, they adjust their behavior to meet society’s standards and norms. Thus, with a strong sense of paranoia, once the prisoner comes out of the Panopticon, he or she will rethink any decisions of breaking the rules. Once the person goes through that phase of the Panopticon imprisonment, he or she is set for a regular life in the real world with human interaction. In addition, with the Panopticon, power isn’t centralized in the hands of the warden or prison guards. The mere concept of being spied on causes others to display normal behavior, one that they want to portray to society. The real punishment that the prisoner goes through is one within his or her own mind where due to paranoia, the person shapes up to meet the rules of society in what is right rather than wrong. In this case, no one has power over another and even the amount of guards can be lessened; the prisoner is unable to tell the difference as to who is watching or how many people are watching. Power isn’t given to people but is within the architecture of the Panopticon. There will be no more vicious beatings of prisoners and no more degradation of them. In the end, they’re like everyone else, another everyday person in today’s world. Panopticism creates self-discipline forced into play through one’s own mentality of paranoia and fear, allowing criminals to be broken down mentally instead of physically, to redeem themselves as a part of society again, and to allow power to not be centralized in the hands of the warden or prison guards. It’s not only an effective system but it’s also efficient in the way that those separated from society may still have the ability to blend back in after undergoing this type of imprisonment. As a result, the concept of a Panopticon would certainly be better than the status quo where punishment is used and people are locked away behind bars without given a chance to prove that they’re reformed. Any cruel and unusual punishments that may occur are abolished and finally, for those who have made a mistake or two, redemption is finally possible.

Bandung - Promotion Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bandung - Promotion Strategy - Essay Example The report focuses on attracting the Australian outbound tourists and hence data concerned with their characteristics and preferences have been evaluated. Endowed with natural beauty, Bandung is the third city in the world with art decoration architecture. SWOT and PEST analysis attached in the Appendices indicate that Bandung offers tremendous potential to receive more visitors. However, the destination lacks marketing and promotion strategy as well as the infrastructure necessary for the growth of tourism. 2. Marketing Research Marketing research is critical to any decision or strategy in business as it provides relevant, accurate and timely (RAT) information (Aaker, Kumar & Day, 2001). For every decision relevant information is essential and these can be obtained through marketing research. Thus marketing research has been defined as an information input to decision and not simply the evaluation of decisions made. Again, gathering information through market research is not suffici ent; intelligent use of market research is the key to success. Marketing research plays a vital role in destination marketing strategy. It helps to position the tourism destination and positioning for such products is more than just image creation. A destination is a brand, a combination of all products and services, and experiences provided locally. Positioning helps distinguish similar tourism destinations which facilitates the process of selection for the tourists. Therefore, any tourism destination has to be analyzed based on the Six As framework which includes Attractions, Accessibility, Amenities, Available packages, Activities and Ancillary services (Buhalis, 2000). While the destination management is complex the tourist perceives of the destination as a brand and before visiting they develop an image and a set of expectations based on information gathered from the press, the media, word-of-mouth, and common beliefs. They â€Å"consume† a destination as a comprehensive experience (Aaker, Kumar & Day, 2001) and hence it becomes essential to gather information and project the destination based on the Six A’s framework. This is known as marketing research process. The marketing research strategy determines how the information will be gathered. Secondary data is readily available on any destination through different sources such as government statistics, airlines and hotels. Secondary data helps segment the target market and devise the marketing strategy. Thus, secondary data on Bandung as a destination and on the prospective visitors has been gathered and the key findings presented below. 3. Key Findings Currently Bandung receives the highest number of tourists from Malaysia followed by Singapore and China. Bandung being a low-cost destination, mostly the lower to middle-income groups comprise of the visitors. Based on age demographics, secondary research demonstrates that the young adults and the older adults form the main visitor segment wh ich mainly comprises of young singles and young couples or full nest. The purpose of visit is either for a vacation or to visit friends and relatives. While the male tourists focus on sport activities, the female tourists prefer shopping or cultural activities. Overall, the tourists are intellectually curious and hence try to explore new areas and engage in novel activities. Very few tourists demonstrate inclination for nature-based tourism while the destinati

Why Do We Do School Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Why Do We Do School - Assignment Example Throughout the academic career, the children learn the lesson through proper curriculum and sophisticated educational planning. This paper will elaborate upon the reasons that children do school for. School Just like other educational institutions, the school is such an institution which is specifically intended for the provision of education to the students under proper instructions and directions by the teachers, the system of school is the source of formal education in most of the countries. In such systems, there is a series of schools through which the students progress and proceed in order to complete their formal education and learning process. There are varying names for these academic institutions but mostly they are known as the primary school system for those children who are young and secondary school systems for teenagers who have already passed out their primary school systems. In United States, these schools are known by various names: preschool systems for toddlers, k indergarten for the kids, and then elementary, middle, high school which upgrades to the higher levels of academic with college, university and graduate schools. Reasons for doing School The gaining of knowledge and going to school is the fundamental essential and a right for the children belonging to the modern society and nuclear families these days. Unlike the perspectives of few traditional families, doing school is the most important task in children’s life. Several reasons which define the schooling process as vital are given below: Fulfillment of the basic demands The schools of modern times are the fulfilling aspects and mirror image of the sentimental values, kinship demands, and perception of the modern day nuclear family. The postmodern era of the current world requires the children to be competent to deal with the upcoming burdens and demands of the revolutionary times. Thus, they need to be capable enough to tackle all the issues and challenges of the future (Dav id, 2005). Ethical and Moral learning At the foundation level, the schools are needed to develop children in ethical and moral aspects. This side of the children’s personality affects their image and reputation in the society and boosts their thinking capabilities. It enables them to become better citizens and good human beings in order to survive in the social structure. It teaches them to be considerate towards their peers, family and other members of the social groups. Not only this, but the moral and ethical teachings also makes one satisfied in their innate nature. Professional requirements As soon as the children proceed from the elementary and middle school to the higher levels such as college and university, they begin thinking about their professional growth and future standards. It is the time when they need to take big decision and great commitments in context of time, work, determination and money. Moreover, the professional standards require a professional degree as it fulfills the need of advanced learning which is important for entering into the practical field (Hawaii Community Foundation, 2011). Cultural Congruence The students require an education which is culturally congruent and relevant for them. For this purpose the schools are advised to design their curriculum according to the cultural relevance for the school and college goers. Here, the schools play a part to empower the students socially, intellectually, politically and emotionally by utilizing their cultural referents to impart skills, knowledge and attitudes (Tyrone, 2001). This would help the

Analysis of Globalization and the Production of Locality in Urban Essay - 3

Analysis of Globalization and the Production of Locality in Urban Egypt Article by Farha Grannam - Essay Example The problem arises when globalization is viewed as neocolonialism or Americanization. The flows from the United States and Europe are said to shape the landscape of Cairo in different ways. There is a need for broadening the globalization concept so that the flows responsible for shaping cultural identities and practices. Grannam (250) says that ‘many changes were needed to facilitate the operation of capital†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ this shows that there is a need for several changes to take place in globalization. The new boundaries, differentiation, and social inequalities being produced and clanged by global flows are important to asses. There are things that attract attention to the inequalities that are produced by global processes. Global flows are not only structured but they also structure. There are groups that are empowered by having connections with the western cities. Production of urban locality is an issue that requires to be addressed with the increased movement of images, people, and commodities. Locality is produced by the interactions of those dwelling and those traveling. Locality is what allows individuals to follow collective flows that are resisted in different contexts (Grannam 256). Diane Singerman reviews how there are international scholars who have collaborated in producing information on politics and culture. Looking at Cairo we realize how complicated the normative project of citizenship is within globalization. Through carrying out research on shops, malls, neighborhoods, villages, towns, and historical areas then it is easy to understand the global flows. With the example of Cairo whose economy was not planned, it is easy to understand why it is megalopolis (Singerman 85). I agree that transforming public space to private is legitimated except if it results from the crime, terrorism, or pollution.  

Personal journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Personal journal - Essay Example My best friend and his dad had also joined us. We all rose up early the morning of the long trip up to the camp site. Mom had made a whopping helping of pancakes and packed our lunches for along the way. My friend and I couldn’t sit still and hurriedly gulped down our breakfast forcing our dads to hurry up as well. Finally we headed out and I remember counting the cars to make the hours go by faster. When we arrived at the site, it was just like how my young mind hand imagined it. The clearing was wide and beautiful surrounded by trees, shrubs, and swaying grass. We had immediately set up the tents and started collecting logs for the campfire before the sun went down. There was a small stream not far away where we planned to do some fishing the next day. It was the perfect spot for the perfect weekend. That day we just rested and lay by the water, dipping our feet lazily, staring up at the darkening sky. The stars I remember seemed super bright and closer than usual. We had go ne to sleep early, resting up for the busy two days ahead. The next day we rose bright and early, ready to go hiking and later fishing for our lunch. At night the four of us used to sit around on logs with a flaming, hot camp fire in the middle, holding out our sticks covered in layers of gooey marshmallows. My friend’s dad told the best scary stories.

(Dual Relationship) discuss the statment that in examing dual Essay

(Dual Relationship) discuss the statment that in examing dual relationships the most important issue is exploitation not duality - Essay Example Dual relationship in psychotherapy can be focused on the fact that the therapist has other existing or subsequent relationship to the patient. This relationship can either be in terms of the social aspect, financial aspect or even profession aspect. When the term dual is attributed it does not limit the issue on the concurrent relationships. Based on the opinions of the professionals the, it is important to prevent dual relationships due to the effects that can be brought about in the treatment of the patients. Basically, the relationship between therapists and patients should remain purely professional due to the probability that the medical treatments and interventions can be affected by the dual relationships that occur between the therapists and the patients. The optimum level of health care that can be given cannot be achieved if the main concern of the therapist can be affected by other issues due to the other relationship with the patient. In this case, the professionalism and the ethical issues are often considered and needed as guidelines. There are other issues that are needed to be co... But is important to consider that the cases wherein blood ties are considered as the connection between the therapist and the patient, it is still considered as a situation that is below the optimum expected. Another issue is related to the ethical considerations that can be attached to such relationships (Pope and Vetter, 1992). A. Types of Dual Relationships The main types of dual relationships are considered to be able to determine the proper actions that can be undertaken. These types are considered as the major ones which include the double roles, the double professions, the double financial relationships and the unavoidable dual relationships. The double roles can be defined as the type wherein the client or the therapist is connected in other ways. An example is the therapist may be a former student of the client. The said relationship can still be considered to have certain effects on the performance of the procedure. The relationship can be considered as relevant since it is one of the most common categories (Borys and Pope, 1989). Double professions on the other hand deals with the people that are into different professions and lines of work simultaneously. This is one of the reasons that these professionals meet people that may get their professional service. For example the therapist can at the same time be into the academe, thus students can also be clients (Borys and Pope, 1989). There are also cases of dual relationships that can be considered as inevitable and at some point a necessity. This can occur in cases such as the military wherein the officers may at the same time be therapists and medical professionals, thus are licensed to

Apple's Suicide Factory Outsourcing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Apple's Suicide Factory Outsourcing - Case Study Example Apple Inc. has a widespread global distribution network terminals in every continent. Company’s products are sold through online stores, retail stores, direct sales force, and dealers. There are three hundred and thirty two Apple Inc. stores in the United States of America, United Kingdom, France, Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Italy, Germany, The Netherlands, Switzerland, and Spain. The supply chain management at Apple Inc Supply chain management involves setting up of objectives, designing and implementing strategies to achieve the objectives as well as monitoring and evaluating all the processes and activities. The activities in the supply chain including but not limited to material sourcing and procurement, conversion of raw materials, the collaboration between the company and channel partners; transportation of raw materials from producers to factory and transportation of finished products from the factory to the consumers. An effective supply chain achieves high sales and profits. Apple Inc. is the company to reckon. This is because it has the most reliable and profitable supply chain. The supply chain meets customers’ needs on time. Furthermore, in its manufacturing process, it delays competitors’ products from reaching the market. Goldman (2011) revealed that competitors of the company are being delayed from manufacturing their products because Apple Inc. contracted the world largest suppliers, who give Apple Inc. products a priority. This makes the company confident in its supply. The type of Apple’s Inc. supply chain is the dominant company. The company practice vertical integration in its manufacturing process, which enables the company to outsource several of its components. However, the company controls the software, hardware, and processors. Apple Inc. uses its large size and vast resources to obtain deals with component producers and makes sure that the company’s component is made available to the company at a ll times. Furthermore, in its supply chain, Apple Inc. sells few products. However, it sells many other common parts to all its gadgets. This makes Apple Inc. supply chain the most perfected. In Singapore, Samsung makes central processing units, video processing chips while Infineon makes baseband communication gadgets. In Taiwan, there are six companies. Foxconn International manufactures internal circuitry; Primax Electronics makes digital camera modules; Omicron Technology produces printed circuit boards; Entry Industrial makes connectors; Cambridge Silicon makes Bluetooth chipsets, and Catcher Technology makes stainless metal casings. Figure 1: Apple’s Supply Chain Map Apple Supply Chain Singapore Taiwan the United States-China Source: Abilla (2007) In the United States of America, Broadcom produces touch screen controllers and Marvell manufactures 802.11 specific parts. Apple Shenzhen in China assembles all hardware, package the readymade and store products as they await dispatch to various global markets.

Global trends affecting the retail pharmacy industry in the next 5-7 Essay

Global trends affecting the retail pharmacy industry in the next 5-7 years - Essay Example Online merchants have been growing in number as well. The retail pharmacy industry must take advantage of websites in order to keep up with the technology. These two trends will impact the retail pharmacy industry within the next five to seven years. The first trend of more one on one consultation is due to the second trend of more patients. Doctors are becoming overwhelmed by the field of geriatrics. More and more elderly patients are seeking medical care, and thus prescriptions and other over the counter medicine. Doctors are seeing as many patients possible, leaving the prescription counseling to the retail pharmacy industry. Since doctors are busy, appointments take a month or more to receive. Thus elderly patients are coming to pharmacists with questions on routine nutrition, over the counter medicines, and common illnesses. The retail pharmacy industry is becoming the first stop for patients, instead of the doctor’s office. Thus more one on one consultation would be routinely done daily. If the rise in consultations continues, the need for more retail pharmacy industry consultants and pharmacists will also rise. This would mean more training for retail pharmacy industry jobs. That would create a need for teachers, curriculum, and students relating to the retail pharmacy industry. It would also be necessary to recruit individuals interested in this type of work field. A lack of personnel in the retail pharmacy industry could hurt the industry. In order to take advantage of the billion-trillion dollar need, personnel must be interested and trained for the retail pharmacy industry. Online services are showing up for most major retail pharmacies. These online services can be convenient. Doctors can place prescriptions on secure websites. Customers can transfer existing prescriptions. Consultants are made available online. This is through live consultants and

Cost method november Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cost method november - Essay Example It is crucial for managers to comprehend the merits and demerits of the two systems to satisfy the needs of their business operations. The budget presented entails schedules that raise various concerns leading to the recommendation that the company should switch to the activity-based costing system of accounting. The first concern is the quarterly budget that in my opinion requires further subdivision to generate quarters. Mainly, cycling takes place in temperate weather conditions. Buying materials for bicycle production for the start of sales hikes demand therefore, requires the producer to incur a quarter before the demand. Another concern regards accounts that remain uncollectable. The master budget for the company is not specific it its cash budget line. It closely refers to the uncollectable receivables. Variable factors in this context emanate from economic features among them limited sponsorship and thus resulting in wrong accounts (Gazely & Lambert, 2006). From the budget, the company is setting aside a budget for 140 bikes inclusive of labour costs. It is appropriate to cut down on the level of production of extra parts in the inventory. The viability of any business can be measured by how the company effectively utilizes its resources while plummeting unnecessary costs hence Competition Bikes Inc. should strive to avert extra discretionary costs. The method of distributing manufacturing overhead by activity-based costing (ABC) to products is efficient compared to the traditional method of costing. Precisely, activity-based costing assigns the right percentage of resources to particular products. While monitoring and allocating organizational costs to products and objects, activity-based costing remains a more sophisticated and logical method as opposed to the traditional costing system (Bragg, 2001). It is possible to distribute

Absorption vs. Variable Costing Essay Example for Free

Absorption vs. Variable Costing Essay This case study will look at Jokkmok Industries and one of its managers, Mr. Rosen, who is bucking for a promotion to CEO. His division uses absorption costing and has the ability to produce 50,000 units a quarter with a fixed overhead amount of $600,000. While the sales forecast shows that the company will only sell 25,000 units during each of the next two quarters, Mr. Rosen wants to double his budgeted production for the second quarter from 25,000 to 50,000 units. We will look at Mr. Rosen’s decision and see how it affects his company’s bottom line by putting the figures from last quarter and the next quarter into an absorption income statement and a contribution margin statement. From this we will be able to see the differences in production costs from the two income statements. These figures will let us be able to assess if Mr. Rosen has improved his division’s performance by increasing production. We will also be able to tell if absorption costing is a viable option for management to use when making decisions like increasing production when sales are not forecasted to improve. We will also discuss a few shortcomings of the absorption approach and how it relates to management. And finally, we will see if Mr. Rosen’s decision would allow him to be considered for the CEO position. Absorption vs. Variable Costing (Contribution margin) â€Å"The main difference between variable costing and absorption costing is the accounting for fixed manufacturing costs.† (Horngren C. n.d.) This is never more evident than in this case study. Income statements prepared using these different methods usually produce different net operating income, and they will also produce different costs per unit sold. In order to completely fill out the income statements we will need to look at the 1st quarter’s income statement listed in Table 1. From the data in table 1 we will need more data to input into the absorption and contribution margin income statements. This additional data is displayed in Table 2. Now we will plug these numbers into both the absorption and contribution margin income statements shown in tables 3 and 4 below for both the 1st and 2nd quarters. Information for setting up these tables was obtained from the article â€Å"Income Comparison of Variable and Absorption Costing† from Accountingexplanation.com. One can notice right away that there are some major differences between the two income statements especially in the 2nd quarter’s net operating income. Under absorption the net operating income is $650,000 and Mr. Rosen would think that his bottom line is looking better and he could almost see himself in the corner office. But running the numbers using the variable costing method in the contribution income statement, the increase in production shows the same net operating income as the previous quarter which was $350,000. So how can the bottom line look so much better under absorption than contribution? The main reasons have to do with fixed manufacturing overhead and inventories. Fixed manufacturing overhead are things like rent, facilities expenses, salaries, and insurance that do not change over a given period of time. â€Å"Since fixed overhead costs do not change substantially, they are easy to predict, and so should rarely vary from the budgeted amount.† (Bragg 20 13) This is demonstrated in the cost per unit sold difference between the first and second quarters. First quarter’s was $72 while 2nd was $60. The reason is because fixed manufacturing costs are involved in the equation. In absorption you have to take the fixed manufacturing costs ($600,000) and divide by the total units manufactured (50,000) to get $12 per unit. Now you add that to the cost per unit manufactured on Table 1 ($48) to get a total of $60 per unit manufactured. When the company only produced 25,000 units the cost was $72 per unit. ((600,000/25,000) + $48 = $72). Now the excess fixed manufacturing costs are rolled into inventory for the next quarter. As shown in the less ending inventory in Table 3 ($1,500,000), because 25,000 units of the units manufactured were not sold. Contribution margin or variable costing does not break up the fixed manufacturing costs, instead it puts in the entire amount of $600,000 into the quarter and does not roll over the fixed costs into inventory. (As shown in the line fixed manufacturing overhead below the contribution margin.) Ho wever, in variable costing, $48 of manufacturing cost per unit is rolled over in the inventory. Because variable costing accounts for the fixed costs entirely it is the better option for knowing where your company stands. Besides the problems with absorption costing listed above, it considers fixed manufacturing overhead as product cost which shows a higher cost per unit than variable costing. As a result, it does not help management decide the selling price of a product. In the example above table 3 shows $72 and $60 per unit sold, while table 4, the variable cost per unit sold is $55. Also absorption costing can make the bottom line look better than it is by removing product costs from the income statement by producing inventory. This way managers, like Mr. Rosen, who are evaluated on the basis of operating income can temporarily improve profitability by increasing production. But there some that still think there are advantages to absorption costing. â€Å"Advocates of absorption costing argue that all manufacturing costs must be assigned to products in order to properly match the costs of producing units of product with the revenues from the units when they are sold.† (Accountingexplanation .com n.d.) But given the reasons stated above variable costing is still the way to keep the books for the decision makers. I would not recommend Mr. Rosen for the CEO position because he seems to have cooked the absorption books in his favor. By increasing his production he manipulated the fixed manufacturing costs to show them lower than they really are and thus showing a better net operating income. But the real costs are rapped up in inventory for the next quarter to worry about, like kicking the can down the road. There is something that Mr. Rosen could do, or might have been planning to do, to correct the inventory problem. He could plan on selling more units. What if market research shows that sales will increase by nearly 20% if Lokkmok drops prices by 5% to gain a competitive edge in the 3rd quarter? Look at Tables 5 and 6 below to show how dropping the prices and increasing sales to get rid of inventory would help the bottom line. Notice the difference between keeping the status quo of pricing and sales compared to the ‘what if’ third quarter numbers on both income statements. Now notice the difference of the bottom line between the absorption ‘what if’ 3rd quarter and the contribution margin income statement, the bottom  line suffers under absorption because sales are eating into the inventory, which is a good thing. But in reality the increase sales has increased revenue, eating away at inventory and actually helping the bottom line, as is the case on the contribution income statement which shows net operating income went up over 21%. Conclusion We have discussed the shortfalls of absorption costing, while showing the many benefits of variable costing and the contribution income statement. Whether it showing the correct net operating income for a company that increases production, or that selling more units, cutting into inventory, and increases revenue actually helps the bottom line, variable costing is correct tool for decision makers. Attached to the submitted Case assignment is the excel worksheet I used. I learned a lot about accounting and excel to complete this assignment. I had a fun time crunching the numbers to see how sales, fixed/variable costs, unit pricing and the like affect the income statement. Please feel free to open and change the yellow highlighted sections to see the outcomes. Please give me any feedback on the excel spreadsheet, for I was a broadcast journalism major 18 years ago and have not tinkered with spreadsheets too often. Thank you. References Horngren C. (n.d.) Chapter 9: Absorption/Variable Costing Retrieved from http://www.csus.edu/indiv/p/pforsichh/accountinginfo/121/documents/newCh09In-ClassProblemsHorngren13e-MYCOPY-X2.pdf Bragg, S (2013) What is fixed overhead?, AccountingTools. Retrieved from http://www.accountingtools.com/questions-and-answers/what-is-fixed-overhead.html Accountingexplanation.com. (n.d.). Advantages, Disadvantages, and Limitations of Variable Costing Systems. Retrieved from http://www.accountingexplanation.com/advantages_disadvantages_limitations_of_

Examining Islam In Malaysia Religion Essay

Examining Islam In Malaysia Religion Essay Malaysia is modern Muslim country where more than half of its 26 million people have embrace Islam as their religion. Halal is an Islamic religious guide to how Muslims should live their lives from the way their food is prepared to how their personal and social relationships are conducted. In Malaysia Halal is a concept accepted by all, by both Muslims and non- Muslims. The majority of businesses in Malaysia sells products or offer services that are Halal endorsed. The Malaysia Halal Certification is globally respected. In our ever progressive world, it has become increasingly challenging for Muslims to determine whether the food or drinks they consume are religiously acceptable or Halal. This Halal and non-Halal problem is not only limited to food and beverage but also to other products and services. For Muslims living in a totally Islamic country like Saudi Arabia, the Halal question is not an issue at all. For those living in a multiracial Muslim country like Malaysia, although Halal food or services are readily available and easy to obtain, there is a need for the authority to monitor and enforce standards to ensure Halalness particularly when the products or services are made, sold, prepared or provided by non-Muslims. However, the real challenge is for Muslims living in a country whose population is predominantly non-Muslims. Extra diligence is needed for these Muslims to enjoy everything Halal. Most striking is that there are approximately 1.9 billion Muslims in the world who are consumers of Halal foods. As such the Halal food market is the largest food market in the world. Among the Halal importing countries are those which have one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, have the fastest growing middle classes in the world, import a significant proportion of their food needs and have the highest rates of population growth in the world. Malaysia will be developed International Halal Food Hub for monitoring and standardization the Halal food product. The Halal certification will be gives if the food ingredients are Halal. This certification of Malaysia Halal standard are also will be strengthened and aggressively promoted internationally. HALAL BEEF PRODUCT Halal products are fast gaining worldwide recognition as a new benchmark for safety and quality assurance. Products that are produced with Halal certification are readily acceptable by Muslim consumers as well as consumers from other religions. This acceptance is due to the wholesomeness concept of Halal, which covers not only the Shariah requirement, but also the hygiene, sanitation and safety aspects. Halal certification is a powerful marketing tool for both the Muslim and non-Muslim producers, as there are an increasing awareness on the part of Muslim consumers all over the world on their obligation to consume Halal food. The Arabic word(Halal) means lawful or permitted. In the Holy Quran, Allah commands Muslims and all of mankind to eat of the Halal things. Basically, Allah Al Mighty knows what is best for us to eat. And normally all the Halal food are very clean and safe from any disease. But for non-Halal food, you always can find some interesting facts relating to sickness. This following products are definitely Halal such as milk (from cows, sheep, camels, and goats), honey, fish, plants which are not intoxicant, fresh or dried fruits, legumes nuts like peanut, cashew nuts, hazel nuts, walnut, grain such as wheat, rice, rye, barley, and oat. Basically, all food is Halal except meat from swine such as pork, ham, pork-based products and by-products such as sausages and gelatin. Animals improperly slaughtered or already dead before slaughtering is due to take place. Animals killed in the name of anyone other than Allah (for example, by anyone other than a Jew, Christian or Muslim, or as part of a pagan sacrifice), intoxicants, blood and blood by-products, foods contaminated with any of the above products. Most of the desserts use non-Halal Gelatin that comes from pigs. Focus about the beef, they are only Halal if they are slaughtered according to Islamic Law. The procedures that we must do at the beef are the animal must be slaughtered by a Muslim. The animal also should be put down on the ground or held it if it is small. The throat of the animal must be sliced with a very sharp knife to make sure that the 3 main blood vessels are cut. While cutting the throat of the animal (without severing it), the person must pronounce the name of Allah or recite a blessing which contains the name of Allah, such as Bismillahirahmannirrahim, Allah-u-Akbar. Islam prohibits the meat of animals that are slaughtered without reciting the name of Allah and those that are slaughtered whilst pronouncing a name other than Allah. Mentioning the name of Allah during slaughter is actually a way of seeking permission from God for taking the life of the animal for the sole purpose of sustenance. The prohibition to recite a name other than Allah during slaughter acts as a safe guard to a Muslims faith. Islam is a religion which promotes monotheism and rejects any form of polytheism. Mentioning a name other than Allah is regarded as a polytheistic act, thus such act is not permissible during slaughter. For more information, they lead the cow into an area, line its head up with where the piston comes out, and BAM! The cow is unconscious, hung by its ankles, and sent to where the slaughter takes place. Regarding poultry, a common practice is to render them unconscious by electrocuting them before slaughter. Slaughtering is to be done from the front of the neck, between the throat and the head of the breast bone (Libba). The throat/oesophagus (Mirree), windpipe/trachea (Halkoom) and the two jugular veins (Wadijan) are cut in the neck without severing the spinal cord. This cut severed the arteries to the brain of the animal, thus depriving the brain of blood supply. As a result, the brain loses consciousness due to insufficient oxygen. This renders the animal unconscious, causing the animal the least amount of pain.   By contrast, the Islamic method of slaughtering does not allow for animals to be killed in front of other animals. It requires an extremely sharp blade and the swift incision of the major veins in the neck to facilitate in a painless, quick blood loss and death. Before the slaughter takes place, the animal is examined for overall health. If the animal is deemed unhealthy, it cannot be slaughtered for food. The animal is slaughtered in such a way that most of the blood exits the body. The goal is to slaughter the animal, limiting the amount of pain the animal will endure. DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT MALAYSIA (JAKIM) HISTORY In 1968, the Conference of Rulers Pakistan has decided that the need for a body to mobilize efforts for development and advancement of the Muslims in Malaysia, in line with Malaysias status as an Islamic country that has strong international and world attention. Recognizing this, a secretariat to the National Council of Religious Affairs was established, to maintain the purity of faith and the teachings of Islam. Secretariat was subsequently developed as the Religious Department of the Prime Minister who was later promoted again to the Islamic Affairs Department (BAHEIS). On January 1, 1997, in line with the development and progress of Islam in the country has stabilized, the Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM) is established by the Malaysian government took power and the role (BAHEIS). FUNCTION OF JAKIM Formulation and standardization of Islamic law Formulate, review and amend laws for the standardization of Islamic states. Streamline and standardize the Islamic law throughout Pakistan. Act enacts Islamic law and the federal territories. Enforcement of Islamic law states Coordinating the implementation and compliance ruling. Coordination in the administration of Islam Streamline the administration of Islamic affairs and the states. Build a strong Islamic thought among Muslims based on the holding of the Sunnah Wal Jamaah. Produce cadres Islamic preachers and scholars through training in training institutions of Islam. Establishing benchmarks and practices of Islam through the formulation of service standards Hadhari Referral centers and advisory services relating to Islam government and private agencies. Increasing collaboration with the missionary network non-governmental bodies at national and international Strengthening survival of Muslims in Sabah and Sarawak in educational, missionary and social-economic Strengthening unity among Muslims to the Ummah. To empower the non-Muslim, indigenous peoples and minority groups. Expand the program and plans Islamic through radio and television stations. Expanding the program elements of Islamic values and personality to deal with social ills. Coordination and development of Islamic education Developing a team of experts in various fields of Islamic knowledge. Make Malaysia a hub for higher education and research al-Quran and al-hadith in regional and international levels. Develop and coordinate the management of the state religious school of Islamic education and Islamic schools. Develop and coordinate programs and classes al-Quran mass Ain (Kafa) in the current national education policy. Strengthening the role of institutions and programs prosperity mosque as a center of science and civilization of the community development that involves all walks of life. WHY ISLAM FORBIDS PORK Pork is the most commonly eaten forms of meat around the world, there are over 100 million metric tons of pork is consumed throughout the world. And pork can be served in different forms such as cooked or form of sausages. However, we know that Islam not eating pork but what is the reason they forbids pork. So now, we go to discuss about it. We know that food and drink have a direct effect on our health. That is why Islam prevents to unhealthy food. Because they believe both physical and moral health are equally important for a healthy society. Therefore, the abstention from eating pork is one of the steps taken by Islam to practice hygiene and to attain purity of soul. To cultivate our inner faculties, Islam insists upon the cleanliness of body and the purification of soul through Salaat (prayers), Zikr (remembrance of Allah) and other devotional duties. Islam teaches us how to attain the virtues and how to give up bad habits because both good and bad grow in the man according to his upbringing, education and environment. A human being has natural desires: food, sleep and sex being the three primary ones. He has also natural emotions: sorrow, happiness, love, fear, disgust and avarice etc. Islam doesnt recommend the complete abrogation of these impulses but offers a method of controlling them through religious education and discipline. The prohibition of eating pork in Islam is relevant in this context. There is a saying in English that a man becomes what he eats. According to physicians and medical experts, pork is a harmful diet. Consumption of swine-flesh creates lowliness in character and destroys moral and spiritual faculties in a man. Despite Islam allows Muslims to eat clean thing. However, in the consumption of meat, Muslims are required to be selective and distinguish the Halal foods. Dr. E. Kazim. M.D, in his article Medical aspects of forbidden foods in Islam (July 1981 issue of Muslim Journal) has described diseases carried or caused by the flesh of swine. He writes: The pig is a scavenger. It is an omnivorous animal. It eats everything. There are many diseases carried from swine to man, particularly parasite infestations. Lately extensive research has been focused on senility-old age is characterized by hardening of inner lining of the blood vessels of the heart, brain etc. a process called atherosclerosis. When a clot forms, it results in coronary thrombosis or a heart attack, cerebral thrombosis or stroke. Dr. Glen Shepherd wrote the following on the dangers of eating pork in Washington Post (31 May 1952): One in six people in USA and Canada have germs in their muscles trichinosis 8 from eating pork infected with trichina worms. Many people who are infected show no symptoms. Most of those, who do have, recover slowly. Some die; some are reduced to permanent invalids. All were careless pork caters. He continued: No one is immune from the disease and there is no cure. Neither antibiotics nor drugs or vaccines affect these tiny deadly worms. Preventing infection is the real answer. After reading the statement of Dr. Shepherd, one can realize that there is no real guarantee of safety when eating pork that one would not be affected by trichina worm. That is why modern doctors advise three prohibitions during illness: no liquor, no pork and no smoking. At the end we know that Muslim forbids pork because they respect their religion. They believe their GOD will care for them. But if they are under famine, they still can eat pork to survive, its no sin. CONCLUSION At the end, we found that Halal food have many benefits and thats why many people either Muslim or non Muslims, would like to choose Halal food. Halal meat is beneficial for nutrition and health. Only healthy animals can be slaughtered. It is done by Muslims who are trusted and experienced. The meat itself will have no blood clots within the veins-giving it a longer shelf life. Animals will be treated with mercy and respect and will be blessed with the name of God (Allah) prior to slaughter. Ethnic and religious considerations are not the only reasons why consumers are choosing kosher- and Halal-certified foods. Many perceive the extra supervision implicit in the certified foods assures higher quality and safer food products. According to Packaged Facts report, Market Trend: Kosher- and Halal-Certified Foods in the US, resonates with a similar report from Mintel released earlier this year, which concluded that the majority of US consumers who buy kosher foods do so for perceived quality and safety reasons, rather than for religious ones, and there is no reason to assume things are any different in Australia and New Zealand. They study found that three in five people who buy kosher food do so because they perceive it to be better quality, Halal food also have a lot of nutrition and they feel safe to eat it, and it free from any disease other that, availability to get Halal food is easier. The two most popular markets for Halal food are South-East Asia and the Middle East. By going through the Halal certification process, food processors will open up the possibility of additional clientele and often they will not even have to make changes to their product to get such certification. There are four steps in processing of Halal food that is: application, submission, processing certification and post certification. And whats the important in the steps of processing is certification attests that a product/service is suitable for Muslims and finished products which adhere to Halal manufacturing procedures carry a Halal symbol on the label. We know that all equipment used in the production of Halal foods must be free from contamination with non-Halal items and comply with the necessary hygiene and sanitation requirements. All ingredients must all be Halal as well. Favorable perceptions Many consumers believe that Halal and kosher food is produced under stricter supervision than is provided by government inspection and for many consumers the Halal and kosher symbols guarantee that the food is free of contaminants or disease and no preservatives added. The research indicated that more than half of consumers who purchased kosher products did so because they considered them to be safer than products not certified as kosher. Mintels research has shown that kosher was the most frequently used claim on food and drink products launched in the US in 2008 which, as the Jewish population is not increasing, suggests that the growing interest may be more to do with food safety than religion. Aside from religious requirements, kosher and Halal supervision adds another level of quality control in responding to the needs of the discerning consumer. Simply by adhering to the kosher and Halal requirements and having foods certified, processors will broaden their market.

Cooling Load Calculation Procedure Engineering Essay

Cooling Load Calculation Procedure Engineering Essay The total amount of heat energy that must be removed from a system by a cooling mechanism in a unit time, equal to the rate at which heat is generated by people, machinery, and processes, plus the net flow of heat into the system not associated with the cooling machinery. [1] The sensible and latent heat transfer between the space air and the surroundings can be classified as follows: 1. Space heat gain qe, in Btu/h (W), represents the rate at which heat enters a conditioned space from an external source or is released to the space from an internal source during a given time interval. 2. Space cooling load, often simply called the cooling load Qrc, Btu /h (W), is the rate at which heat must be removed from a conditioned space so as to maintain a constant temperature and acceptable relative humidity. The sensible cooling load is equal to the sum of the convective heat transfer from the surfaces of the building envelope, furnishings, occupants, appliances, and equipment. 4. Space heat extraction rate Qex, Btu /h (W), is the rate at which heat is actually removed from the conditioned space by the air system. The sensible heat extraction rate is equal to the sensible cooling load only when the space air temperature remains constant. 5. Coil load Qc, Btu /h (W), is the rate of heat transfer at the coil. The cooling coil load Qcc, Btu/h (W), is the rate at which heat is removed by the chilled water flowing through the coil or is absorbed by the refrigerant inside the coil. Cooling load usually can be classified into two categories: external and internal. External Cooling Loads[1] These loads are formed because of heat gains in the conditioned space from external sources through the building envelope or building shell and the partition walls. Sources of external loads include the following cooling loads: 1. Heat gain entering from the exterior walls and roofs 2. Solar heat gain transmitted through the fenestrations 3. Conductive heat gain coming through the fenestrations 4. Heat gain entering from the partition walls and interior doors 5. Infiltration of outdoor air into the conditioned space Internal Cooling Loads[1] These loads are formed by the release of sensible and latent heat from the heat sources inside the conditioned space. These sources contribute internal cooling loads: 1. People 2. Electric lights 3. Equipment and appliances For [1-1] [1] see the section of references CHAPTER 2 COOLING LOAD CALCULATION PROCEDURE [2]The estimation of cooling load for a space involves calculating a surface by surface conductive, convective, and radiative heat balance for each room surface and a convective heat balance for the room air. Based on the same underlying principles, the following methods have been developed for calculating the cooling load. Cooling Load by Transfer Function Method (TFM). Total Equivalent Temperature Difference (TETD) method. Cooling Load Temperature Difference (CLTD) method. Transfer Function Method (TFM)[1] The transfer function method or weighting factor method is a simplification of the laborious heat balance method. The wide application of the TFM is due to the user-friendliness of the inputs and outputs of the TFM software and the saving of computing time. In the transfer function method, interior surface temperatures and the space cooling load were first calculated by the exact heat balance method for many representative constructions. The transfer function coefficients (weighting factors) were then calculated which convert the heat gains to cooling loads. Sometimes, transfer function coefficients were also developed through test and experiments. Calculation Procedure The calculation of space cooling load using the transfer function method consists of two steps. First, heat gains or heat loss from exterior walls, roofs, and floors is calculated using response factors or conduction transfer function coefficients; and the solar and internal heat gains are calculated directly for the scheduled hour. Second, room transfer function coefficients or room weighting factors are used to convert the heat gains to cooling loads, or the heat losses to heating loads. As described in Sec. 6.2, the sensible infiltration heat gain is the instantaneous sensible cooling load. All latent heat gains are instantaneous latent cooling loads. The TFM is limited because the cooling loads thus calculated depend on the value of transfer function coefficients as well as the characteristics of the space and how they are varied from those used to generate the transfer function coefficients. In addition, TFM assumed that the total cooling load can be calculated by simply adding the individual components-the superposition principle. However, this assumption can cause some errors. Total Equivalent Temperature Difference (TETD) Method[1] In the total equivalent temperature difference (TETD)/time-averaging (TA) method, heat gains of a number of representative exterior wall and roof assemblies are calculated. The internal heat gains and conductive heat gain are calculated in the same manner as in the TFM. The radiant fraction of each of the sensible heat gains is then allocated to a period including the current and successive hours, a total of 1 to 3 h for light construction and 6 to 8 h for heavy construction. The TETD/ TA method is also a member of the TFM family and is developed primarily for manual calculation. TETD/TA is simpler in the conversion of heat gains to cooling loads. However, the time-averaging calculation procedure is subjective-it is more an art than a rigorous scientific method. Also the TETD/TA method inherits the limitations that a TFM possesses if the TFM is used to calculate the TETD. Cooling Load Temperature Difference (CLTD) Method [2] CLTD is the method we used to calculate the cooling load of the project we were assigned. The CLTD method accounts for the thermal response in the heat transfer through the wall or roof, as well as the response due to radiation of part of the energy from the interior surface of the wall to objects and surfaces within the space. The CLTD method makes use of (a) the temperature difference in the case of walls and the roofs and (b) the cooling load factors (CLF) in the case of solar heat gain through windows and internal heat sources, i.e , Q = U x A x CLTDC Where Q is the net room conduction heat gain through roof, wall or glass (W) A is the area of the roof , wall or glass (m2) U is the overall heat transfer co efficient (kW/m2.K) CLTDC is the cooling load temperature difference (oC) For [1] [2] see the section of references CHAPTER 3 CALCULATING COOLING LOADS USING CLTD Outdoor Design Conditions[2] ASHRAE Table A 2, F1980, provides the outdoor design conditions for various locations in many countries including India, Malaysia and Singapore. The summer design column lists hourly temperature which is exceeded by 1%, 2.5 % and 5% of all the hours in the year. Selection of Indoor Conditions[2] In private homes, the indoor conditions may be chosen by the owner. But in public premisis, various codes and regulations and ordinances dictate the limits of the specific indoor design conditions. For some critical occupancy, such as, hospitals, nursing homes, computer rooms, clean rooms, etc. specific indoor design conditions will usually be established by the regulating authorities or the owners. Transmission gains[2] Heat transfer through the different components of the building envelop occurs primarily the process of conduction and convection and is generally referred to as transmission load. Transmission heat transfer is given by the following equation: Q = = (U) (A) (TD) Where, Q is the heat transfer rate (W) Rt is the sum of the individual thermal resistances (m2.oC/W) A is the surface area perpendicular to heat flux (m2) TD is the design temperature difference between indoors and outdoors U = 1/Rt is the overall heat transfer co efficient (W/m2.oC) With, Rt = R1 + R2 +  ¼ + Rm for resistance in series. The values of thermal resistances are provided for specific thickness for typical building materials usually designated by U. For materials that vary in thickness according to the application, specific conductivity k is listed in terms of unit thickness. The relation between the two is R = Where k is the coefficient of thermal conductivity (W/m.K) L is the length of the conduction path (m). CLTD/CLF calculation[2] To account for the temperature and the solar variations, the concept of cooling load temperature difference (CLTD) is introduced. The CLTD is a steady state representation of the complex heat transfer involving actual temperature difference between indoors and outdoors, mass and solar radiation by the building materials, and the time of day. The following relation makes corrections in the CLTDs for walls and roofs for deviations in design and solar conditions are as follows: CLTDc = [(CLTD + LM)k + (25.5 Tr) + (To 29.4)] f Where CLTDc is the corrected value of CLTD. LM is the colour adjustment for light coloured roof. Tr is the design room temeperature To is average outdoor temperature, computed as the design temperature less half the daily range. f is attic fan factor Solar heat gain[2] When solar rays impinge on a glass surface, some of the radiation is reflected back outside before penetrating the glass. Of that radiation which is not reflected, some is transmitted through the glass and some is absorbed by the glass. The remaining radiation is refracted slightly and goes on to heat the contents of the room. If there is external shading, such as with blinds or drapes or shades, a portion of t radiation entering the room is confined to the area immediately adjacent to the window and has a diminished effect on the conditioning of the room. All of these effects are accounted for to some degree by the following relation for calculation of cooling loads due to solar radiation: QSHG = A(SC)(SHGF)(CLF) Where QSHG is the solar radiation cooling load (W) A is the open glass area (m2) SC is the shading co efficient for various types of glasses and shadings SHGF is the maximum solar heat gain factor for specific orientation of surface, latitude and month (W/m2) CLF is the cooling load factor, dimensionless. Internal Loads[2] Lighting is often is the major space cooling load component. The rate of heat gain at any instant, however, is not the same as the heat equivalent of power supplied instantaneously to these lights. Only part of the energy from lights is transferred to the room air by convection, and thus becomes the cooling load. The remaining portion is the radiant heat that affects the conditioned space only after having been absorbed by walls, floor, furniture, upholstery, etc. and released after a time lag. The cooling load imposed by these sources is given by Q appliances= P(CLF) Where Q appliances is the cooling load due to equipment of appliances (W) P is the input operating power rating of the appliance or equipment (W) CLF is the cooling load factor (dimensionless) depending on operating hours, room construction, and air circulation. Occupancy[2] The people who occupy the building give off thermal energy continuously, the rate of which depend on the level and type of activity in which they are engaged. For the sensible portion of the heat released, a cooling load factor similar the one applied to lights and appliances has been developed to account for the lag in time between occupancy and the observed cooling load. The sensible cooling load due to people is therefore, QS = (N)(GS)(CLFS) Where QS is the sensible cooling load due to occupants (W) N is the number of occupants GS is the sensible heat gain depending on activity and time for entry (W) CLFS is the cooling load factor (dimensionless) for people. The latent heat gain from occupants is found by Ql = (N)(Gl) Where Ql is the latent heat gain N is the number of occupants Gl is the latent heat gains from occupants depending on activity and time from entry Ventilation/Infiltration[2] Heat gain from ventilation and infiltration needs to be considered in the cooling load calculations. General Design Guidelines[2] The general procedure required to calculate the space cooling load is as follows: Building configuration an characteristics: Determine the building location, orientation and external shading, building materials, external surface colour and shape. These details are usually obtained from building plans and specifications. Outdoor design conditions: Obtain the outdoor weather data for the building location and select the outdoor design conditions. Indoor design conditions: Specify temperature, humidity, air velocity, etc. Operating schedules: obtain a schedule of lighting, occupancy, internal equipment, appliances and processes generating heat load. Date and time: Select the time of the day and month to estimate the cooling load. Several different times of the day and several different months need to be analyzed to determine the peak load time. The particular day and month are often dictated by peak solar conditions. For [2] see the section of references CHAPTER 4 DATA FOR THE MAIN MOSQUE Mosque 1st Floor Figure 4.1 First floor Figure 4.2 Window type 1 (WT1) Figure 4.3 Window type 2 (WT2) Figure 4.4 Doors 1 (D1) 4.2 Mosque Ground Floor Figure 4.5 Ground floor Figure 4.6 Window Type 3 (WT3) Figure 4.7 Window Type 4 (WT4) Figure 4.8 Door 2 (D2) General Information Latitude 32ËÅ ¡, Longitude 72ËÅ ¡ [7] Main Mosque, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Walls 33cm brick, 1.5 cm cement on both sides Roof 15 cm concrete Construction Cream color paint on both sides Glass 0.5cm black shaded Lighting 1 76 tubes each 18W, 8hrs per day Lighting 2 4 tubes each 40W, 8hrs per day Occupancy 300 people moderately active Ceiling fan 18 ceiling fans each 75 W, 8hrs per day Bracket fan 9 bracket fans, each 40W, operating 8hrs per day Ventilation 7.5 x 300 = 2200 liters/sec Note: Suspended ceiling was broken therefore; we considered it as the refrigerating space. U Value Calculation Roof Components L/k m/(W/m.K) R W/m2.K Reference Table Table title Outside air 0.044 Table A6 Surface conductance (W/m2.oC) and resistance (m2.oC/W) for air Concrete 10cm 0.15/0.51 0.294 [3] Inner air 0.160 Table A6 Surface conductance (W/m2.oC) and resistance (m2.oC/W) for air Total 0.498 U = 1/R = 1/0.498 = 2.01 Wall Component L/k m/(W/m.K) R W/m2.K Reference Table Table title Outer air 0.044 Table A6 Surface conductance (W/m2.oC) and resistance (m2.oC/W) for air Brick 0.33/0.32 1.0315 Table A7 Typical thermal properties of common building and insulating materials Cement 20.015/0.72 0.0417 Table A7 Typical thermal properties of common building and insulating materials Inside air film 0.120 Table A6 Surface conductance (W/m2.oC) and resistance (m2.oC/W) for air Total 1.237 U = 1/R = 1/1.237 = 0.808 For [3] see references Glass Component L/k m/(W/m.K) R W/m2.K Reference Table Table title Glass material 0.005/0.05 0.1 Table A7 Typical thermal properties of common building and insulating materials Outer air 0.044 Table A6 Surface conductance (W/m2.oC) and resistance (m2.oC/W) for air Inner air 0.12 Table A6 Surface conductance (W/m2.oC) and resistance (m2.oC/W) for air Total 0.264 U =1/R = 1/0.264 = 3.79 Description of appliances Items Ground floor (Qty) First Floor (Qty) Ceiling fans 12 6 Tube lights 76 (small) 4 (large) Wall fan 9 Area Calculations Eastern Wall Areas Wall area 108.11514 m2 Door area 26.3 m2 Windows area 12.76 m2 Actual wall area 69.055 m2 Actual glass area 30.4 m2 Note: The area for aluminum in the windows is not accounted for. 4.6.2 Western Wall Areas Wall area 88.4816 m2 Windows area 6.583 m2 Actual wall area 81.899 m2 Actual glass 6.003 m2 Note: The area for aluminum in the windows is not accounted for. 4.6.3 Northern Wall Areas Wall area 52.45 m2 Windows area 12.61 m2 Actual wall area 39.84 m2 Actual glass area 11.62 m2 Note: The area for aluminum in the windows is not accounted for. 4.6.4 Southern Wall Areas Wall area 52.45 m2 Windows area 6.58 m2 Door area 1.86 m2 Actual wall area 44.01 m2 Actual glass area 7.58 m2 Note: The area for aluminum in the windows is not accounted for. 4.6.5 Roof Areas Total roof area m2 4.7 CLTD Correction Calculation To = 47 16/2 = 39 To is the average outside temperature on design day equal to our design temperature minus half of daily temperature range. Exposure CLTD LM[4] K[5] 25.5 Tr To 29.4 F[6] CLTDc North 7 0.5 0.5 25.5 25.5 39 29.4 1 13.35 East 15 0 0.5 25.5 25.5 39 29.4 1 17.1 South 11 -2.2 0.5 25.5 25.5 39 29.4 1 14 West 11 0 0.5 25.5 25.5 39 29.4 1 15.1 Roof 36 1.1 0.5 25.5 25.5 39 29.4 1 27.05 For [4], [5] [6] see references. CHAPTER 5 COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS FOR THE MAIN MOSQUE Building Main mosque Location EME College, RWP Month June Day 22 Time 0200hrs Psychrometric analysis Item Tdb Twb RH Enthalpy (h) Sp. Humidity (w) Outside 47 41 70% 183.87 0.0528 Inside 25.5 17.82 50% 57.35 0.012 Difference 21.5 23.18 20% 126.52 0.041 Daily range = 16 Transmission Load Item Description Area(m2) U factor CLTDc (oC) Qtransmission(W) Walls North 39.84 0.808 13.35 429.75 South 44.01 0.808 14 497.8 East 69.005 0.808 17.1 953.4 West 81.899 0.808 15.1 999.2 Roof 194.15 2.01 27.05 10556.03 Glass North 11.62 3.79 20.1 885.2 South 7.58 3.79 20.1 577.44 East 30.4 3.79 20.1 2315.84 West 6.008 3.79 20.1 457.3 Total transmission cooling load (W) 17671.89 Solar Radiation Description Area(m2) SC SHGF CLF QSHG North 0 South 7.58 0.94 189 0.36 484.8 East 0 West 6.003 0.94 695 0.55 2228.6 Total solar radiation gain cooling (W) 2713.4 Internal loads Item Input (W) CLF Qappliance Lights 1528 0.08 122.2 Appliances 1710 1 1710 Total internal gain cooling (W) 1832.24 Occupancy Number SHG/LHG CLF Ql Qs Sensible 300 75 0.49 11025 Latent 300 55 1 16500 Total Occupancy gains, Qoccupancy (W) 27525 Ventilation/Infiltration m3/s CFM ΆT/Άw Ql Qs Sensible 2.2 1.23 ΆT=21.5 58.18 Latent 2.2 3010 Άw=.041 7180 Total Infiltration / Ventilation load (W) 7238.2 Grand total cooling loads Ql Qs Total latent load (W) 23680 Total sensible load (W) 33300.61 Total load (kW) 56.98 Tons of refrigeration 16.3 CHAPTER 6 RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Results Following the CLTD method we calculated cooling load to be 16.3 Tons. In which main contribution was from people present in the mosque (almost half the contribution) and heat conduction through walls and windows glass. The contribution from each mode is shown in fig 6.1. Fig 6.1 Contribution from each mode of heat transfer in cooling load Recommendations Use 6 ACs each of 2.5 Ton and one of 1.5 ton, we will need all the ACs switched ON during Jumma prayers only. On normal days we will switch ON 3 or 4 ACs depending on the number of occupants. As the number of occupants decreases the required cooling load also decreases. For different values of occupants required cooling load has been calculated and shown in the fig 6.2. Fig 6.2 Relation between number of occupants and cooling load Normally 30 people are present in the mosque at prayer times so we need only 9.2 tons of refrigeration. We will switch ON three ACs of 2.5 tons and one of 1.5 tons We can minimize the Cooling load by Increasing the glass thickness By using opaque sheets on the outer side of the windows and doors By using reflecting and insulating material on the roof, reflective material will reduce solar radiation and insulating material will minimize conduction Growing trees on southern side

Social and Intellectual Barriers in the Classroom Essay -- School Girl

Social and Intellectual Barriers in the Classroom Peggy Orenstein's School Girls is a book about adolescent girls, and how low levels of self-esteem and confidence can hinder a positive self-image and contribute to poor academic performance. Orenstein compares and contrasts the experiences of girls from two different junior high schools, Weston and Audubon, and finds that factors such as family, culture, teacher attitude and social class affect girls differently. By looking at both Audubon and Weston from an academic standpoint, one would find that there are more barriers between Audubon students and education, than there are for students at Weston. Ninety percent of the students at Audubon represent everything but "the white and the wealthy" (136): they are "African-American, Latino, Asian, or Filipino" (137). According to Orenstein, two-thirds of these students are poverty-stricken and come from lower class, and perhaps single parent households. Unlike economically advantaged school districts, lower class students are reminded daily that they will never excel beyond their current status, and will only represent or contribute to a national statistic of academic failure. Not only are the students at Audubon reminded of their race and class status, they are ignored in the classroom. In Mr. Krieger's English class, students are given a license to conduct their own lessons--lessons on conversation skills and classroom chaos: "Within fifteen minutes, however, he has mined that vein to exhaustion, and the class degenerates into chaos†¦one of the boys is stuffing a friend into a supply closet with the assistance of roughly half t he class, while Mr. Krieger sits at the front of the room chatting†¦" (139). An educational environm... ...ool, the students from both schools academically perform in accordance with what is expected of them. Because the students from Audubon come from low-income families, teachers and administrators set minimal expectations for student performance. There are more barriers between Audubon students and education because they are reminded daily that economic constraints equal underachievement; and thus, the students are being deprived of an education. On the other hand, the students at Weston Middle School have every opportunity to learn, and do--they learn how to fulfill gender roles in the classroom. The girls at Weston find passive resistance acceptable behavior because not only do gender biases exist in the classroom, they exist in the home and the workplace. Thus, these girls are taught that it is acceptable to be ignored, overpowered and reduced to just "girls."

The Nature of Evil Essay -- Morality

Evil is the violation of a moral code. Evil is the dualistic opposite of good. Evil causes harm. While scattered dictionaries may offer these clear-cut definitions, in reality a theme so prevalent in all spheres of life from the dawn of man takes on limitless forms. The word itself has come to symbolize the dividing line between regular people and callous monsters; demonic criminals who show no sign of compassion and no adherence to virtue. Ideas concerning evil have been strung along through the schools of theology, the minds of society, and the theories of philosophy throughout the history of mankind. The dichotomy between the opposing ideas of good and evil sets apart a gray area ignored by the black and white view of morality. In this gray area, reason, incentive, and relativism come into light. It is only when one investigates the meaning of evil from religious, social, and philosophical vantage points that they may truly discover the nature of evil. In religion, the concepts of good and evil refer to a range of objects, desires, and behaviors which constitute morally positive and morally negative consequences on a spiritual level. Good is a broad concept typically comprised by associations with charity, happiness, love, and prosperity. Evil, on the other hand, can represent deliberate wrongdoing, actions designed to harm others, humiliation of people with the intent to diminish their needs and dignity, and acts of violence. Although each major religion varies in its distinctions of the two conceptions of morality, good and bad are cultural universals originating from Pre-Socratic philosophical notions. Morality in its absolute sense can be traced back to the dialogues of Plato. Book IV of Plato’s â€Å"Republic† ... ...ed on their experiences. Works Cited Eagleton, Terry. "The Nature Of Evil." Tikkun 26.1 (2011): 80-94. Academic Search Complete. Web. 6 Dec. 2011. Formosa, Paul. "Kant On The Radical Evil Of Human Nature." Philosophical Forum 38.3 (2007): 221-245. Academic Search Complete. Web. 6 Dec. 2011. Thomas Aquinas, SUMMA THEOLOGICA, translated by the Fathers of the English Dominician Province (New York: Benziger Brothers, 1947) Volume 3, q. 72, a. 1, p. 902 Hans Schwarz, Evil: A Historical and Theological Perspective (Lima, Ohio: Academic Renewal Press, 2001): 42–43 Gaymon Bennett, Ted Peters, Martinez J. Hewlett, Robert John Russell (2008). "The evolution of evil". Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p.318. Parry, Richard D. "Morality And Happiness: Book IV Of Plato's Republic." Journal Of Education 178.3 (1996): 31. Academic Search Complete. Web. 6 Dec. 2011.

Nursing careplan

Care plan: Spiritual Distress Nursing Diagnosis: Â  Spiritual Distress (potential for) relating to separation from religious and spiritual ties. Goal #1 Client will feel the need for a minister or priest. Nursing Rx 1a.Arrange for ministers or priests to visit the client. 1b. Encourage the client to express his/her feelings to the clergy in privacy. 1c.Request the clergy to give a spiritually encouraging talk to the client. 1d. Provide the client with religious books or objects that would make them feel more oriented towards religion or spirituality Goal #2 In a multi-cultural or multi-religion society, a client may feel that his/her religion is dying. In other words, the client may feel that a lot of people are embracing other religions. Nursing Rx 2a. Listen patiently to the client. 2b.Encourage the client to express his feelings. 2c.Help the client to make a list of the important aspects and the favorite practices of his/her religion. 2d.Assist the client in making a plan to make people embrace his/her religion so that they feel better. Goal #3 Client may feel the inability to perform the daily rites. Nursing Rx 3a. Provide the client with religious books and objects that will be comforting. 3b. Offer to read the religious books. 3c. Encourage the client to talk about his/her religion and the practices followed. Goal #4 Client may feel that he/she is worthlessness (due to hospitalization) and this may lead to spiritual disorientation. Nursing Rx 4a. Encourage the client to do small tasks that are possible. 4b. Prepare a plan with short-term goals. 4c. Comfort the client by reiterating the sense of worth and the accomplishments they have made during their life-time. 4d. Discuss with the clients the feelings of his hopelessness. 4e. Provide client with physical outlets to vent out their tensions. 4f. Encourage the client to have a positive outlook towards life. Goal #5 Clients may feel lonely and this may lead to spiritual disorientation. Nursing Rx 5a. Request family members and friends to visit the client regularly. 5b. Hold client’s hand if he/she is comfortable with touch. 5c.Interact verbally with the client a lot. 5d. Encourage client to talk to other clients if it is possible. Goal #6 Some clients may have been directly affected by Vietnamese war and this could lead to spiritual distress. Nursing Rx 6a. Assure the client that it is peace time and talk about the positive aspects of life. 6b. Help the client to overcome the feelings of being affected in the war. 6c. Encourage the clients to talk about their accomplishments and their goals in life. Goal #7 Client may point out the disturbances in the religion or the rituals or practices that he/she is opposed to in the religion. Nursing Rx 7a. Assist the client to make a list of important and unimportant aspects of his/her religion. 7b. Acknowledge the opposition of client to certain religious practices and rituals. 7c.Encourage the client to focus on the positive aspects of his/her religion.

Overpopulation Is Caused by Poverty Essay

Bangladesh is one of the short countries with one of the gameest cosmos of the humankind. Is the unsophisticated scant(p) because of the huge trope of volume or the mendicancy itself is the causal agent behind the all over race? To execute this drumhead, I have looked at the boilersuit suppuration condition and existence of the world and tried to come on the missing cogitate between the cardinal. First I stupefyed around facts to the highest degree world world and demography. then(prenominal) I analyzed the Mal consequentlyian and redness views on universe of discourse. I talked about the exist views that considered state egression as the of import cereb grade behind penury. Then I discussed my arguments about those view and discussed how race exploitation is not the primary cause of grim precedent of surviving, gross inequalities or lightrain freedom choice that characterize ofttimes of the evolution world. I tried to find the main reasons behind the impoverishment of the worthless countries and how those lead to over state.BackgroundHuman racecourse came into existence around 2 one thousand m sickion years ago. Agricultural Revolution took come out of the closet about 10,000 years ago when pot used to hunt and gather food. At that time the estimated world population was about 4 million. The population started to grow significantly after the agricultural revolution. still, the most outstanding population harvest-tide emitred after the industrial Revolution in 1750s. The world population was approaching one meg spate and was increasing by to a greater extent than twain million e precise year.This dramatic population reaping is end pointed population explosion because at heart less than 300 years the number of people mushroomed to more than 6 billion whereas before this, world population grew truly s humiliatedly for millions of years. At this very moment, virtually 7 billion people ar sharing this pl anet. By 2050, the population is judge to reach 9 billion. The world population is very unevenly distributed by geographical region, stinkiness and mortality levels and age structure. here(predicate) we also have to consider the term demographic transition transition from high have a bun in the oven and dying rates to low fork up and death rates.Most of the ontogeny countries argon in stage two and the developed countries in stage three. So in the developing countries, though death rate has dropped significantly due to progress in medicine and health c be, fertility rate remains high. So population growth is highest in the developing and distressing countries.Existing literatureNow the question is why birth rates argon so high in the developing countries? In 1798, Thomas Malthus proposed a scheme that determines the relationship between population growth and stinting development. According to him, the vile countries argon wretched because of the population growth. Elimi nate the population enigma and the problem of poverty depart be straighten outd by itself. To choke the extra people, positive and preventive checks are necessary. Positive checks are famine, natural disasters, war etc which according to him is a good authority to put up rid of the unnecessary people who are burden to the purchase order. Preventive checks would be yet moral restrain because birth contains were considered as sins according to the Catholic Church. Malthus was not apprised of the technological progress that would occur and thus he came up with the surmisal that food production get out not be able to prolong up with the population growth. Thus the solution was to get rid of the misfortunate people.Karl Marx saw the Malthusian point of view as an outrage against humanity. Marx pinpointed the fact that with technological progress, at that place would be more production. So capital would be increasing too. However, the few capitalist who avouch all the r esources exploit the short workers and dungeon them light. So poverty is the result of a poorly organized capitalist society where at that place is no equal scattering of wealth. From the Marxist point of view, overpopulation is not the reason behind slow economic growth and development. Though the surmise of Malthus is much criticized and controversial, his ideas are still remaining in the present world. Many theorists and economists see the reduction of population growth through severe measures as the easiest way of ensuring economic prosperity in a developing country. According to them, highflying(prenominal) population annex is the main reason behind low standard of living, malnutrition, ill health, environmental degradation, and numerous other economic and social problems.There is a scheme known as population-poverty cycle. This theory states that overpopulation makes the economic, social, and psychological problems more complicated. As more children are innate(p) eve ry day, there is less savings rate per somebody in the household and national level. Because of the rampant population growth, the government fails to provide the staple fiber necessities for the additional people. This leads to low living standard of the existing generation and eventually poverty is transferred to the next generation.At present main put down China is the most populous country in the world with a number of 1.34 billion. This country has under organizen one of the most harsh and overbearing population bidding policies in the archean 1980s- one child per family insurance policy. Though this policy dramatically reduced the growth rate, is caused many socio-economic problems and controversies. However, the decline in the fertility rate in China through one child policy is less victorious than approaches based on women empowerment and preparation in some parts of India, such as the state of Kerala. This shows us that population no longer remains a problem even t hough there is slow economic growth by focusing on empowering people, especially women. argue my thesisMy thesis is that poverty causes overpopulation and to solve both the problems, other issues are get hold of to be taken care of. one of the main causes that keep poor countries and poor people poor is unequal dissemination of wealth and natural resources. The developed countries harp of one quarter of the worlds population but consume some 80% of the world resources. In 2005, the wealthiest 20% of the world accounted for 76.6% of total private consumption. The poorest 20% consumed just 1.5%. When one child is born in a developed country, the come in of money and resources spend behind it is uniform to 16 children in the developing countries. because the developed countries should cut back their very high consumption instead of enquire developing countries to control their population growth. However they do not do that in an attempt to hold down the development of the poo r countries to continue dominance over them and to maintain the very expensive living style. So they made population growth the main reason behind poverty to distract everyone from the actual reasons.They pressurize the poor nations to adopt aggressive population control programs even though they themselves went through a period of sizable population increase that accelerated their own development processes. So as the LDCs are kept poor, no or less development occurs and thus generates overpopulation. Also a huge union of resources are hold idle. For example, only 12% of all the capableness tillable earthly concern is under cultivation. So the background in truth being cultivated amounts only a fraction of its potential. According to one entanglement resource- Enough arable land exists in India to give each person in the country approximately half an acre. In famine-ravaged Ethiopia, each person could have three-quarters of an acre of arable land. Africa, the poorest continent , has 20.2% of the worlds land area, and only 13% of its population.North America has a whopping 2.1 acres of arable land per person So many areas with potential resources are under populated and many small areas (urban areas in the LDCs) are voiceless with too many people. This unequal diffusion of people in terms of land causes poverty rather than the population growth. Underdevelopment itself is a huge problem. If the governments of the developing countries adopt pass up strategies that promote higher levels of living, greater self-pride and expanded freedom, population leave alone take care of itself. If people are water-loving and give away educated, they will themselves be aware of the fact that smaller families are better than full-grownr families.On the other case, if they are uneducated and physically and psychologically weak, the large family will be the only real source of social security. So the birth control programs and severe child control policies will be uns uccessful if there is no motivation to empower and instruct the people, especially the women. If the women have equal roles and post like the men and have admittance to birth control, fertility rate will fall by itself. However, the richest people of the developing countries consume most of the resources and deprive the rest of the people of their daily necessities. As the poor people are kept poor they fail to get educated and sceptred which leads to low type of life and overpopulation. ratiocinationOverpopulation is not the main cause behind poverty. It is the other way around. However, fast population growth is not desirable too. So in order to develop, countries like Bangladesh need to adopt policies that focus on making people aware of the ways to keep the family small. The consequences of rapid population should neither be exaggerated nor minimized. However, it is pretty clear problem of population is not simply a problem of huge number. It is about quality of life and ma terial well being. So if there is not equal scattering of wealth, idle resources, and subordination of women, poor countries and poor people would remain poor and this will lead to the problem of overpopulation.ReferencesTodaro, Michael P. and Smith, Stephen C. (2009). Economic Development. 9th Edition. Addison-Wesley. Weeks, J.R. (2012). Population An Introduction to Concepts and Issues. 11th edition. calcium Wadsworth Publishing. http//www.henrygeorge.org/popsup.htmhttp//www.globalissues.org/issue/2/causes-of-povertyhttps//www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html